3/1/2023 0 Comments Paz analyser crack![]() In this review, we describe some of the recent advances in the biochemical, structural and mechanical characterization of three impact structures: jaws from two marine polychaetes ( Glycera dibranchiata and Nereis species) and the beak of the jumbo squid ( Dosidicus gigas). The practical significance of this cannot be emphasized enough. Thus, a new research hypothesis is emerging: that factors other than mineral content can endow biological materials with stiffness, hardness and abrasion resistance. This was followed by another report that hardness and stiffness in the completely non-mineralized jaw of Nereis approach those of tooth dentin ( Lichtenegger et al. (2002) reported that the abrasion resistance of Glycera jaws was tantamount to that of tooth enamel, yet with only a tenth as much mineral. ![]() One chink in the ‘armor’ occurred when Lichtenegger et al. Indeed, given the widely held view that mechanical robustness is imparted by the presence of hard minerals, non-mineralized structures have typically been dismissed-at least as bio-inspired design paradigms for hard, abrasion resistant materials. ![]() However, much less is known about the more diverse non- or slightly mineralized structures. Highly mineralized (greater than 50%) impact structures, particularly teeth, have been extensively studied in structural, chemical, mechanical and clinical detail. Rather, the proportion of mineral and organic phases is an evolutionarily adjustable continuum, and nature undoubtedly possesses examples for every step between all mineral and all organic. This is, of course, a naive classification because the boundary between the two is not an abrupt one. ![]() Ostensibly, these structures can be divided into two groups-those with mineral and those without. Scorpion stingers, hydroid nematocysts, snapping claws, fangs, beaks, hooves, ovipositors and antlers represent just a few ( Brown 1975). Impact and wear resistant structures evolved by living organisms encompass some of the most ingenious and fearsome adaptations in hard tissue biology. ![]()
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